RED FORT
Red fort also known as lal qila is located in old delhi area of delhi, India. Red fort was built between 1638 to 1648 by the Mughal emperor shah jahan. He commissioned it when he decided to shift his capital from agra to delhi and formed a new city and named it shahjahanabad. The fort functioned as the main residence for the Mughal emperors for nearly 200 years. The fort stood as a powerful symbol of Mughal grandeur and authority. Nearly mid 1700s the britishers started gaining political and military control over India and around Mid 1800s the first revolt for Independence began and on 15 august 1947, India got its Independence. And on 15 august 1947, the prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru , hoisted the Indian flag above the lahori gate, the main entrance of red fort. Ever since then, the prime minister of India hosts the National flag of India every year in a ceremony held to celebrate the Independence. The prime minister then gives a speech for the Nation standing on the podium at the terrace of lahori gate.
The red fort was recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007.
The name red fort is a translation of the Lal qila ( in hindi) derived from the red sandstones of the fort. Lal means red and qila in Arabic means fortress that gives it the name Red Fort. Originally it was known as the blessed fort ( Qila-i-Mubarak), it served as the residence of the Imperial families for Century.
The Historical Background
As discussed earlier, Red fort was built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan. After establishing his capital in agra and constructing the world renowned Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan decided to shift to delhi. He commissioned the fort in 1638 and named the new forfeited city called Shahjahanbad.
The fort completed taking almost a decade with construction finishing in 1648. It was designed by architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who also designed the Taj Mahal. Although the Red fort was more than a royal residence, it was a statement of power, art and innovation.
Architectural Grandeur
The Red Fort is a perfect blend of three different architecture, the Persian, Indian and Timurid architecture. The fort stood as an inspiration for later buildings and gardens across the Indian subcontinent.
The Red Fort covers an area of 254.67 acres (103.06 hectares) and is protected by 2.41 kilometers (1.50 miles) of defensive walls. These walls, strengthened with turrets and bastions, differs in height from 18 meters (59 feet) on the river facing side to 33 meters (108 feet) on the city facing side. The said fort is octagonal in shape and the north-south axis longer than the east west axis.
The fort’s artwork combines Persian, European and Indian artistic traditions, resulting in a unique Shahjahani style that is distinguished by its depth of colour, form and expression. One of India’s most important architectural complexes, the red fort captures a wealth of artistic traditions and a rich history. Even before it was named a monument of National Importance in 1913, efforts were already made to guarantee its preservation for future generations.
The Lahori Gate serves as the main entrance for the Red Fort, leading to the Chatta Chowk, a domed shopping area often referred to as the covered bazaar.
When you enter through the lahori gate, you find Chatta chowk, which is an arched bazaar where traders once sold exquisite silks, jewelry and handicrafts to the royal household. The bazaar still operates today, retaining its old-charm and offering the visitors a glimpse into Mughal era commerce. In the Modern times, you can still find interesting showpieces and beautiful silk shawls at the Chhatta Chowk.
The Naubat Khana, also known as the Drum House, is located beyond the market. It was there that royal musicians performed ceremonial music to greet the emperor. The route then leads to the Hall of Public Audience, or Diwan-i-Aam, where Shah Jahan would speak to his subjects, administer justice and hear petitions. The exquisite Mughal craftsmanship is demonstrated by the marble throne Canopy, which is embellished with elaborate floral motifs.
The Hall of Private Audience, also known as the Diwan-i-Khas, is a gem of Mughal architecture lacated deeper within the fort. The Emperor met with his courtiers and foreign ambassadors in this room, which was decorated with White marble inlaid with valueable stones. One of the most magnificient royal thrones ever made, the fabled peacock throne was once housed in the hall and was later looted by Nadir Shah in 1739. It was covered in diamonds rubies and emeralds.
There are other remarkable structures such as Rang Mahal, where royal women resided, and the Mumtaz Mahal, which now is turned into a Museum. The Moti Masjid, built by Aurangzeb, glows with the white marble elegance and serene simplicity, standing as a private place of worship for the Emperor.